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人们很早就认识到自然界中一些生物能够对某些有害微生物起到抑制或者杀灭作用,而又不对环境产生任何持续性的破坏作用,并受到这些生物特殊功能的启发,发展了利用这些生物及其代谢产物进行消毒灭菌的生物消毒法。早期的生物杀毒主要直接利用生物尤其是微生物机体本身进行消毒。在中国古代,人们很早就认识到